South Greenland vs. Northwest Greenland

Greenland, the world's largest island, is an exciting place in the Arctic for adventurous travelers looking for unique nature and cultural experiences. The island offers adventures that explore its vast landscapes and UNESCO-recognized sites. In South Greenland, travelers may encounter a blend of Inuit and European influences, particularly in larger towns. Meanwhile, Northwest Greenland offers a look into more traditional Inuit lifestyles, with communities closely connected to ancient practices. 

Culture and Nature: Living with the Elements

Inuit Traditions and Modern Life

Greenlandic society is a dynamic blend of ancient Inuit traditions and contemporary influences. The harsh Arctic environment continues to shape the daily and seasonal routines of hunting and fishing, as well as the techniques passed down through generations of knowledge. Traditional forms of transportation such as dogsledding are still used alongside modern alternatives. The cultural practices of soapstone carving and drum dancing are maintained alongside the popularity of modern sports. The absence of roads connecting towns means communities function largely as self-contained entities.

Living with the Elements

Greenland's extreme climate requires exceptional resilience and adaptability. The South's relatively milder climate facilitates a wider array of activities, whereas the harsher conditions of the Northwest demand higher levels of self-sufficiency. Out of necessity, the Inuit people have adapted to the extreme conditions of the Arctic, and have developed essential skills for survival by passing down ancestral knowledge. Today, these communities thrive throughout Greenland.

Dog Sledding

Dog sledding in Greenland provides more than just an exciting adventure; it’s a journey into the core of Inuit culture. This lifestyle deeply connects the Inuit people to both nature and their cultural heritage. This is demonstrated in the annual Avannaata Qimussersua dog sledding competition, which takes place in North Greenland and is considered one of the biggest cultural events in the country.

Children in Greenland often begin learning mushing from a young age, and understand that dogs are valued as working partners. When a young Greenlander finally assembles and leads their own dog team across the mountains and sea ice, a significant milestone is marked for the whole family and symbolizes the continuation of an important cultural tradition.

Sheep Farms

Sheep farming is a significant agricultural activity in South Greenland due to the milder climate and fertile land, in contrast to the harsher conditions found in the north. Farmers in South Greenland raise hardy sheep breeds to produce quality wool and meat. They practice rotational grazing to maintain healthy pastures. In addition to tending their flocks, they grow vegetables and manage their farms on their own. Many farmers also run guesthouses to welcome visitors, to share a glimpse into their farming lifestyle and local traditions, and demonstrate their adaptability and spirit of community.

Wildlife and Flora

Greenland's extreme climate greatly impacts its biodiversity. Vegetation is largely confined to the tundra regions, supporting low-growing plants like dwarf birch, whortleberry, mosses, and lichens. The seas are filled with marine life such as seals, walruses, whales, and narwhals. Polar bears, Arctic foxes, wolves, reindeer, and musk oxen populate the island as well, despite the ice cap covering the majority of Greenland’s landmass. Coastal regions support roughly 230 bird species, including sea eagles, who feed on saltwater fish like salmon, flounder, and halibut.

Arctic Patagonia versus Icefields and Giant Bergs

The South displays a diverse topography of fjords, mountains, and valleys that showcases a landscape closely resembling Patagonia's terrain.

Northwest Greenland (Icefields and Giant Bergs)

The Greenland Ice Sheet dominates the Northwest, covering 80% of the island. This region's defining features are its ice fields, glaciers, and icebergs. The unfrozen areas are tundra, characterized by flat, treeless expanses, strong winds, and permafrost. Greenland's long coastline (24,430 miles/39,330 kilometers) contributes to its distinctive character.

Greenland National Park and other unique aspects:

• Nearly half of Greenland is protected by Greenland National Park, the world's largest park.
• The park covers 375,000 square miles (971,245 kilometers) in the northeastern section of the country.
• Access to Greenland National Park is largely limited to local hunters, scientists, and military personnel.
• The country is classified as an Arctic desert due to its low precipitation.
• Greenland has rich mineral resources, including gold, diamonds, uranium, and rare earth elements.
• The country features a progressive correctional system that focuses on rehabilitation and reintegration.

Greenland’s northern and southern regions both vividly illustrate the resilience and ingenuity of the Inuit people and the beauty of the Arctic environment. To fully experience this incredible destination and plan your journey, connect with a Trip Planner, whose expert guidance will help you explore the wonders of Greenland.